Definition

Bruxism is chronic, involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth. It usually occurs during sleep, but it may also occur while awake.

Closed Jaw

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Causes

The exact cause of bruxism is unknown, but it is believed to be related to:

• Stress and anxiety
• Abnormal alignment of the teeth or jaws

Risk Factors

Risk factors that increases your chance of getting bruxism include:

• Chronic stress or anxiety
• Aggressive or competitive personality
• Abuse of drugs or alcohol (especially methamphetamines)
• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Age: 40 or younger; especially common in women aged 27-40
• Family member with bruxism
• Facial or oral trauma
• Use of psychiatric medications, especially antidepressants
• Prior serious head injury

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Grinding sounds during sleep
• Teeth that are sensitive to heat, cold, or brushing
• Tense facial or jaw muscles
• Hairline cracks of the enamel on some teeth
• Sore teeth
• Inflammation of the gums ( gingivitis)
• Headache, especially when waking in the morning
• Damage to the inside of the cheek (from biting or chewing)
• Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD)

Diagnosis

The doctor or dentist will ask about your symptoms and medical history. An examination of your teeth and jaw will be done. With bruxism, teeth will have flattened tips, excessive wear, or thin enamel.

Treatment

Methods of treatment include:

Prevention

The same methods used to treat bruxism can be used to prevent the condition.