Definition

Indigestion is discomfort in the upper abdomen or chest. It is often linked to nausea, belching, or bloating.

Locations of Indigestion Symptoms

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Causes

The exact cause is not known. Most often, the condition is linked to a number of unhealthy lifestyle factors. These factors can result in poor digestion.

Risk Factors

The following lifestyle factors increase your chances of experiencing indigestion:

• Overeating
• Eating too quickly or at irregular intervals
• Eating greasy, high-fat, or spicy foods
• Drinking caffeine, alcohol, or soft drinks in excess
• Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (eg, aspirin , ibuprofen )
• Smoking
• Psychological stress

Symptoms

Indigestion is characterized by a variety of symptoms, including:

• Pain or burning sensation in the upper abdomen or chest
• Nausea
• Abdominal bloating
• Belching or regurgitation

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Indigestion is diagnosed mainly on the symptoms listed above.

Tests may be ordered if your symptoms worsen or you have more serious symptoms, like severe abdominal pain. Examples of tests that may be ordered include:

• Laboratory blood work
• Barium x-ray —a chalky solution is used to highlight the upper digestive tract in an x-ray
• Ultrasound —high-frequency sound waves a used to view and examine the organs of the abdominal cavity
• Endoscopy—a long, thin tube affixed with a light and camera is inserted into the throat to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine
• Gastric emptying study—food containing a small amount of radioactive material is tracked to help determine the rate at which the stomach empties of food

Treatment

Your doctor will suggest a plan based on the severity of your symptoms. Treatment options may include the following:

Prevention

To prevent indigestion:

• Avoid overeating.
• Eat slowly and regularly.
• Avoid greasy, high-fat foods.
• Limit spicy foods.
• Do not smoke.
• Drink coffee, alcohol, and caffeinated beverages in moderation.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Exercise regularly.
• Practice relaxation techniques.